Blockchain-Based Solutions for Auditable and Immutable Data Provenance in Supply Chain E-commerce

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of e-commerce and globalized supply chains has heightened the need for secure, auditable, and transparent transaction records. Complex multi-party supply chains involve manufacturers, logistics providers, distributors, and retailers, each generating and consuming large volumes of data. Traditional centralized record-keeping systems are vulnerable to tampering, fraud, delays, and human error, challenging the ability of organizations to maintain data integrity, ensure compliance, and optimize operational performance. Blockchain technology, with its distributed ledger architecture, cryptographic integrity, and consensus mechanisms, provides a promising solution for ensuring immutable, auditable, and transparent data provenance across supply chains. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of blockchain-based solutions in the context of supply chain e-commerce, with emphasis on data provenance, smart contracts, consensus algorithms, and interoperability with artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum-accelerated intelligence systems. We develop a multi-layered framework for blockchain deployment, integrating cryptographic verification, auditability, transaction traceability, and predictive analytics. Additionally, the study investigates practical applications, operational challenges, and regulatory considerations, providing a roadmap for the adoption of blockchain solutions in modern supply chain networks. The research demonstrates that blockchain can not only improve transparency and trust among stakeholders but also enable intelligent decision-making, fraud mitigation, and enhanced regulatory compliance.